But what is Pulp, exactly?
Pulp is the forefather of the comic book industry of America. They are weird fiction, tall tales, and imagined myth, written by true pioneers of fiction like H.P. Lovecraft, and committed to cheap print for pennies in the early-to-mid 20th century. These stories covered many areas, and had a particular style to each that's quite distinct from, say, The Golden Age of Comics, though there is some overlap between them. The heroes of Pulp are often morally convicted, larger than life individuals with exceptional talents bordering on the superheroic, but often simply the result of expert training or magical practices.
What isn't Pulp
Silver Age characters, such as Spiderman or The X-Men, while certainly compelling in their own right, are too vulnerable, too human, to be considered. Golden Age is acceptable, but often too squeaky clean; Pulp stories were often violent, unsettling, and sometimes even erotic! That's not to say Pulp can only come from the past, however. Pulp as a genre endures in plenty of modern works, be it comics, literature, and even movies and videogames, examples of which are provided in the Categories tab.
The Categories (This list is by no means comprehensive)
Noire: Pulp Noire as a genre is one in which the heroes are usually not too heroic, often resorting to violence or mired in infidelity. Whether they're hardboiled private investigators, headstrong journalists, or gorgeous femme fatales, they find themselves fighting against a corrupt system, while also fighting against temptation and the corruption that rests within their souls. Prime examples of Noire characters include: The Shadow, Cole Phelps, The Sandman (Sandman Mystery Theatre), Sam Spade (The Maltese Falcon), and Phyllis Dietrichson (Double Indemnity)

Western: The Wild West remains a strong aspect of American myth, and Pulps frequently told tales of intrepid gunslingers, outlaws and lawman alike, fighting to survive or carve their own destiny in a time of unbridled freedom and chaos. Pulp Western stories are broad and can range from the gritty and realistic to fantastic and and mythic. Prime examples of Western characters include: Portugese Phillips, The Two-Gun Kid, The Steam Man of The Praries, The Lone Ranger, and The Man with No Name

Sci-Fi: Science Fiction was easily the most common Pulp genre, with many writers tackling the questions of what the future would be like or what mysteries remained to be discovered on a rapidly shrinking Earth. The heroes of Science Fiction Pulp were often bold and curious explorers of the unknown who dived into ancient ruins, met strange and isolated peoples, and fought titanic and unbelievable creatures all in the name of conquest and curiosity. Prime examples of Sci-Fi chracters include: Flash Gordon, Adam Strange, Indiana Jones, John Carter, and Doc Savage

Fantasy: With Pulp being the birthplace of Sword and Sorcery, Fantasy was a big centerpiece  alongside its more rational cousin Science Fiction. Fantasy stories usually featured lone and stoic warriors, brimming with muscularity and confidence, enduring in savage and uncaring environments. Prime examples of Fantasy characters include: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja, Tarzan, Ka-Zar, and Elric of Melnibone

Horror: While Horror wasn't created by the Pulps, the nascent baby steps of the genre can be observed in Penny Dreadfuls and Weird Tales in abundance. Horror often features gruesome monsters and damsels in distress, with heroes often forced into the situation of savior rather than willingly diving into it. Horror ranged from the classic B-movies of yore with sometimes sympathetic monsters, to the more existential horror of Lovecraft, in which the protagonists are forced to confront terrors beyond any rational understanding. Prime examples of Horror characters include: Randolph Carter, Edward Carnby, and Master Thief Garrett (From the Thief Trilogy)