The Chairman

It won't. All you can do it check to see if the name is available, but the system won't tell you "why" it's available. Nice attempt at virtue signaling, though.

That's because Henry and Samuel have the same missions. Once you got Henry, you were never going to get Samuel since they don't repeat. In a similar way, now that you have been introduced to Jill Pastor, you will never be introduced to Kyle Peck or Tristan Caine because all three contacts give "The Vahzilok Pollutant Plot" arc as well as the same non-arc missions.

These are the Science origin contacts according to the Homecoming Wiki: https://homecoming.wiki/wiki/SERAPH As you can see, there are multiple contacts in each level band until you start getting to higher levels. These contacts all share the same mission pool. When Jonathan St. John Smythe referred you to someone other than Samuel, was it one of the folks on this list? Additionally, origin type contacts will offer to introduce you to contacts for other origins if you are in their level band. Generally, it is only after you progress into the next level band that they will introduce you to the next one in the chain. For example, if you complete all of Samuel Pierce's missions, but you are only L8, he won't introduce you to Jill Pastor. He will introduce you to contacts for the other origins as appropriate for your level instead. Once you hit L10, he'll introduce you to Jill or another contact on the SERAPH list from the next level band.

As I recall, you get a Vigilante point for refusing quarantine in the penultimate mission where you fight Pathogen.

Isn't she both? She's Penelope Mayhem when you fight her, but she's Penelope Yin once you remove her from the Seer Network after the fight.

Correct. According to the Homecoming Wiki, you must be on a team of four.

Do you have a team when you queue in LFG, or are you trying to join one in progress? According to the Homecoming Wiki, you need a full team of four for this one. https://homecoming.wiki/wiki/Dr._Kane's_House_of_Horror LFG should work so long as you are on a team of four.

That's working as intended. "On a 'signature' Task Force, enemies will spawn based on the task force's maximum level (and the leader's notoriety setting) regardless of the team's composition." https://homecoming.wiki/wiki/Task_Force

The Rikti War Zone has arcs starting at L35 with Levantera. The RWZ story leads up to the Lady Grey Task Force.

They do have visible tracks, though. At least, the ones in the Shadow Shard do. I've not spent enough time in the Ski Chalet to say for certain that the ones there do too.

I don't recall if/where it is explicitly stated in game, but the endgame TFs/Trials (i.e. Dr. Khan/Barracuda, Imperious, Ms. Liberty/Lord Recluse, and Cathedral of Pain) offer Incarnate components (Alpha slot) in their reward tables once you hit 50. You can also purchase one with Vanguard Merits in the Vanguard Base. Additionally, once you unlock your Alpha slot, Prometheus will talk to you. He's the big blue guy in Ouroboros. He explains a lot of Incarnate lore as well as giving direction regarding the Incarnate Trials. These Trials are where you can earn Incarnate components for all your slots. The Dark Astoria story arcs are a soloist path to getting Incarnate components as well. Edited to add: Completing the Weekly TF/SF at 50 also earns you a Notice of the Well. This is used to craft your T3 Alpha. Two of them crafts the Favor of the Well for your T4.

The second and third mission's in Montague Castanella's arc (Lost and Found) have the player fighting Lost. I just ran the arc at +0x4 at L29. Each spawn had two bosses, either Pariah Prelates or Anchorites. Defeating them did not give credit towards the Finder Badge. These enemies do give credit when defeated on the street (e.g. in Terra Volta). I created a character on Brainstorm, levelled him to L19, and ran the arc again. This time, Aberrant Eremites and Rectors were the boss spawns. These gave credit towards the Finder Badge. It appears that there is some sort of bug specifically with the Pariah Prelates and Anchorites that spawn in this arc.

Sister Valeria's arc appears to follow the events of the Dark Astoria arcs (including Sister Solaris' arc) as her initial contact spiel references Mot and Marcus Valerius. Daedalus, Sister Airlia, and Imperious don't appear to have been intended to be part of the Praetorian timeline. That said, the briefing dialogue for the ITF's third mission was - I believe - retconned to substitute The Honoree for Statesman after the events of the Who Will Die? SSA.

I definitely see the utility in this, but I would amend the suggestion to creating an option to default to max. That way, those that prefer the status quo aren't inconvenienced by unwelcome change while those like us can reap the benefit of this QoL convenience.