Jaegernault

Shadow meld is the keystone power with bio armour. You can get to 45% defence to elemental easily with it. S/l defence can be sat at mid 20s along with energy/negative. Shadow meld blasts s/l/e/negative to 55+ defence for 15 seconds, my scrapper has it down to a 25 second recharge. I know people will say above 45 isnt helping but it does when fighting any enemy above lvl 50, especially ones with tohit bonuses. I tend to take each primary and secondary I want as soon as available, picking up fighting, leadership, and speed along the way, so by 41 I can go straight to epics. Bio armour has the capacity to run unaided against +1*8, giving limitless endurance and health, so long as you get the recharge bonuses to 70% BEFORE hasten. Hasten should be like a overdrive button for a big fight as ageless will work better on auto once leveled up. Stalkers and scrappers have the same health now i think, my scrapper has 2100 hp, so a stalker might get to the same state, imagine that.. a far cry from the old days eh!

I personally find bio defence toggles work better with 4 shield walls and a 5th for lotg. Bio is all about regeneration and absorb so max hp is your main asset

Personal play style will play a huge part in how a build performs. I like to live on the edge in the fight, constantly surrounded by enemy to feed from while killing them all. Bio Armour is suited to large mobs, a single AV foe will be harder to take down then 10 Elite bosses, but neither are a big challenge. +Going through your build, Crushing blow is bang on what ive found is best for balance. +In hardened Carapace, I tend to use AEGIS, since it gives a large defense boost. +Inexhaustible is getting a little too much attention Id say. Its best function is increased Max HP, the fact it boosts regen/recovery leaves it open to proc slotting, a whole set is overkill. +I skipped Titan Sweep as by 32 you have more AoE then you will ever need. +Environmental Modifiers looks neglected, its your primary defense toggle, and bio armour works best using defense/absorb shielding. +Follow Through is single target to forced feedback isnt gonna fire much, I tend to slot the Superior Blistering Cold there so its a heavy hit that can stun and hold. +Build up needs love! its how you dont need to wait and put the kettle on while warming up an attack chain, 2 recharge and ull have it up for every encounter, usually 20s after set bonuses. +Ablative Carapace I tend to slot numinia for the ranged defense thats stuck on the end of the set, you only really want recharge and healing in there so its usually golden like that. +Weave needs more slots for ramping its defense if you want to play defense/absorb style. +tough has the same principle as Hardened Carapace, Aegis gives a defense boost, resistance isnt gonna save a scrapper:D +some people say you need DNA siphon for extra damage, its really not needed and its contribution is on par with boxing, 2 recharge as a panic button is more then enough for most things +whirling smash is a great one for the purple, but slap in a 6th slot for the forced feedback proc and it almost always fires! +generic contamination is "technically" a damage aura but its really small! what it does offer tho is a great place to slap in Superior Avalanche for a chance to knock foes over who come close, if they arnt stood up they aint hitting you! +parasitic aura is a personal preference, some people like to use it as a panic button, but as it feeds off nearby foes, i find it better as an opener when its power is maxed out. 2 recharge and its almost perma. +I 5 slot moonbeam with the ranged winter set for the bonus, its nice for runners bu they shouldnt really get a chance to run! it is however great for pulling avs from other av's, Miss Liberty TF would be a lot harder solo otherwise! +Shadow Meld needs more recharge, every second really helps. End game if you keep your defense above 60% to all even Praetorian debuffs bounce off you. http://www.cohplanner.com/mids/download.php?uc=1503&c=684&a=1368&f=HEX&dc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omething like this will max out a Defense/absorb playstyle. There is plenty room for adjusting, For instance I like Experimental so I can teleport round the battlefield even faster. but every tweek needs balancing! No one build is the right build, ive seen people use the exact build Im running slot for slot and dieing next to me as their play style isnt suited to it. So you just adapt to how you play to max out the performance! hope this gives you some ideas;

The extra recharge is only required if your using a streamlined attack chain of cherry picked powers. Not many do that. My TW characters skip powers as tradeoffs as they level. For instance the first 3 powers, defensive sweep, crushing blow and titan sweep. The 1st and 3rd are amazing early game AoE powers, letting you fight *8 from lvl 10. Once you get to lvl 26 you gain your real PBAoE, and have rend armour from 18 so you can drop the lvl 1 and 4 powers. This gives you crushing blow and rend armour and follow through as a ST chain with a powerful huge PBAoE. Get to 32 and you gain Arc of Destruction which lets you decimate mobs with crits. That's less powers to cycle through but you can augment then to massive levels, they just need as much recharge as possible. Ideally you want your next power ready before the last animation ends, and in groups you will go from attach chain 1 to 2 constantly as the mobs change. A lot just say TW/bio is OP, I think its graceful. You can just go in wildly swinging, but on +4*8, something to blindside you sooner or later. Learn your attack chains and timings and you can literally maintain an attack chain indefinitely, against any enemy type. Bio is susceptible to fear, and that cant be helped, it also has bo defence resistance so falls to cascade defence failure. And defence failure can take a 70% defence to -300% in 5 seconds flat! Bio is also a mob based power, you need large mobs to be at your best. TW needs large mobs as it's all AoE. So if you are in a 1v1 with something tough your AoE affinity counts for nothing so you need to adapt to single targets and using ablaitice caraprace, which then needs excessive recharge for every second of uptime

The brute was solid in the fire farm but rad/fire is faster in it as you have a second damage aura that you can slot with -res to just melt everything. I hate permanent hasten builds, hasten is available if I'm against a tough target and need excessive healing. Healing flames isnt on auto either unless I'm fighting something like Malta. Agelessness is what gets auto. Does on all my builds. If your after a farmer rad/fire is the way to go. But in general combat TW/Fire is much better. The brutes best attack at max damage cap is 700 to a lvl 54 boss, being rendered armour. The scrappers rend armour deals almost 2k on average, often closer to 3k if procs all get lucky. The scrapper can do the EB fire farm faster then my brutes simply as an EB is dead in 3 hits. Bearing in mind the scrapper has 7% fire resistance too! But capped fire defence. They make up for the resistance by a massive health pool. The brute has 1700hp. The scrapper has 2100 in addition to 1300 absorb shield that regenerates every 20 seconds. The scrapper is virtually godlike in all lvl 50 content, only lag or an insainly tough enemy can take them down 1v1. For example a level 54 Ghost Widow couldn't get me below 75% health. A lvl 54 recluse struggled to get me below 50%. The hamidon Avatars in the night ward arc where you fight 3 at once, they couldn't kill me. Granted it took me 20m to kill them but it was a tough fight. The only AV I struggle to solo is Bobcat, specifically the version you fight in Tin Mage. I can get them to 5% health but then they go mental, dishing out 1200 damage attacks every 2 seconds and healing 1% a second, which for an AV is a LOT! The scrappers build is on the homecoming forums, I wrote a guide on it detailing all the various choices. I've since updated mine to a lot faster in combat but the alteration is very small

And as sick as that was, I applied the same build style to TW/bio scrapper and dwarfed the brute in every way, more HP, resistance, regeneration, recharge insainly greater damage. The average AV lasts under a minute solo at lvl 54. Though it's a very active build and 1 mistake will floor you. But it can take on any mob at lvl 54 if you pay attention, even Rularuu

A clip someone made of it, I posted the mids build in the comments back when it was uploaded

Clearly did not read the initial post correctly as the whole point was its so vague. Posting a link to Policies in a thread debating those policies isn't actually contributing. One cannot pretend to know the minds of others and assume the intentions based on their own experiences. I could easily make a costume I think is original, only to find that someone somewhere has read a comic book from 30 years ago that has something similar to mine, not through any form of copyright but simply because we came to the same result when playing with costume designs. Philo Taylor Farnsworth demonstrated a working television in San Francisco in 1927. Boris Rosing conducted crude experiments in transmitting images 16 years before Farnsworths first success, does that mean that Boris should have gotten credit for the concept instead of Farnsworth. A mechanical TV was demonstrated by John Logie in the early 1920's. 3 parallel strands of research all working towards the same goal in their own way. Farnsworth clearly had the better branch and gave birth to what we have now, but technically he was the 3rd person to play with the idea. For all we know farnsworth could have gone to the demo that John performed and been inspired. Farnsworth should get credit, but it was still similar to earlier attempts. If the components are not copyright, why should the end result be. Does the person who realized a round stone moves easier get to lay claim to everything involving a wheel. If the components are available, their use should be allowed, else someone will have used something similar somewhere if you look hard enough. Names I totally agree with, be creative. But costumes should have more flexibility, or have mutually exclusive rules on outfitting like some parts already do.

oh yea, that too! trigger happy control types, just take a breath before firing:D but we all play in our own way, the joys of so many players, dont like the team, go to a different one.

increase the difficulty then. Judgment is a good way to clear away minions or taunt one of those big rooms with multiple mobs. At maw power it will fry minions so what is argo'd is just the high value targets. There were 4 new incarnate powers to be brought out, your saying you want to undo the entire system, so it stops at Invention Sets, why not remove that too so people cant alter global recharge and make unenhancable powers faster by improving global recharge. Personally I hate it when I go in with a Melee character and a blaster follows me in and nukes the mob as soon as they gather, not enough to kill them but it knocks them all flying, they loose aggression with me and the blaster complains about crowd control. Im hardly gonna say to stop nuking them, ill adapt my playstyle while they are doing it. If you dont like the incarnate powers, specify "no Incarnates on team" when you form one, others shouldnt have to have their game ruined to accommodate those that dont like a super power in a Super Hero MMO being super powerful. Can you imagine if Captain America told the hulk to stop smashing because he wants to look stronger in the fights, Or told Ironman to stop using his toys as if he didn't bring enough for everyone he cant use one either (fairly sure that statement did come up somewhere in the franchise lol!)

Call him Jolly Green Giant and ull have the tinned frozen food industry after you!

copyright is a copy, last time I checked we cant upload our own costume meshes, we work with what we have, we assemble parts like a jigsaw, never knowing the final picture we will get. its creativity at its core inspired by what we love.

There are very few occasions where someone is daft enough to try and replicate a heroes name, costume and power set, despite it being easily doable. Our imagination is inspired by what we see, we take fragemnts of images we like and reconstruct them to make our own unique identity. Your mising my point about the line for genericing a character. Are they reset based on just a name that comes up somewhere, on a particular look that appeared somewhere that the creator may not even be aware of, or a combination of the two. If for example you make a empathy defender in a huge green musculature body and called it Gamma Hugs, is that copyright because its in a huge green body with the name of a radioactive particle like the Hulk, despite its power and role being totally contrary to the hulks back story. --- Copyright applies to a recorded work, it cannot apply to something as intangible as an idea. --- Copyright laws are actually very restrictive, and do not apply to items such as names and titles that may be duplicated coincidentally, or that may be legitimately used in unrelated instances. --- ABove taken from the copyright services website, 10 common mistakes made about copyright. Even official copyright laws are so vague, probably why why are argued so much. Im not saying it should be given a free pass, but if you dont tell someone what they did wrong it wont change. Its not like we are inventing new technology and profiting off it, we are taking the best memories we have of our entire experience with comics ans superheroes and adapting them for recreation, unless of course youve got paypal set up so people who team with you and admire your character need to pay lol

But copyright is filed from the one affected by it. Best judgment is not enough for a game based on creativity. If certain combinations are considered breach, they should be made mutually exclusive to prevent future occurrences. Copyright isnt an instant fine, your warned to remove it. You cant preemptively remove content because it "might" be flagged in the future, thats like getting a cut on your leg and amputating it as it "might" become infected and develop into something serious. Copyright is dealt with an point of issue, and moderated by using guidelines to prevent the majority of offences. the Copyright guidelines on homecoming are a joke. They are so vague you can class anything as removable. I logged into Reunion and loaded up a lost of players, 50 came up obviously, I found 4 that had names easily recognized as movie clones. I didnt see any costumes but under guidelines those 4 should have been genericed. thats 8% breaking name copyright. Imagine the number if I took costumes into account. Im clearly not reporting them as I see nothing wrong with the variations, but under homecomming copyright guides they are all removable. Its just silly abuse of power and people trying to bark off authority and make homecoming jump through hoops. If you join an MMO just to spew copyright at players it should be a ban-able offence as malicious play-style. Homecoming needs to say "no, thats fine" to some of these else why did they rebuild the game. Or at the very least file reports to back it up, even better if they record who reported them to see if there are patterns.

Good day, Recently Copyright Generic has become a flare up on the game again, and to be fair if you copy a superheroes name or a close variant, you deserve to become GenericHero3987. The issue here is that everything in our world is copyright if you want to get picky. City Of Heroes is a Super Hero MMO, you make heroes and play them. You pick a power set, a Name and a costume. Now the name I totally understand with copyright, you need to be creative, but you also need to respect the English language and the limitations of words available, but that leaves a lot of scope. The power set is a bit of an issue, they made the power sets, but whats to stop someone claiming a Super Strength/Invulnerability Brute is a copyright of the Hulk. Same powers, if they also made a bare Huge body and made it green, that is 2 strikes of copyright, with 0 effort and no name involved. Bringing on the final point, costumes. The game boasts one of the largest and most intricate and ever evolving costume creators available to any online game. Its intended to allow you to be imaginative. Unfortunately, if you assume copyright to every comic, movie, and designer out there, that huge costume choice becomes rather sparse. Comic books have been around longer then most of us have been alive. They have had a long time to try out every costume over the years in revamps, so if you archive every single look of every single hero who ever was, what are we left with? NCSoft had a copyright issue in that was resolved in 2005, the servers went down in 2012, the 2 are unrelated as it doesn't take 7 years to kill a server. If I saw for example a hero in Atlas looking like Iron man I wouldn't be like... "Copyright!" id more likely be "I fancy watching the entire series of IronMan!" does that leave you available to advertising and possible royalties? of course not. You didn't make the film, you don't know the creators, but your advertising it for free and getting no benefit other then enjoyment. A fair deal id say. In conclusion, I feel that the Generic situation needs to have strict guidelines before broad stroke wipes. There also needs to be a detail of whats wrong as if so many costume combo's are off limits, maybe they should be removed. I propose that if a Violation is found, the offending party is contacted via their contact email that they HAVE to have given to access the server. This report details the issues with the character and gives them 48 hours to correct it from the next time the account logs in. This would also allow appeals as currently there is no oversight that we can see as to what constitutes it. I am fortunate enough to have not been hit with a generic since back in 2006, but I know a lot of people put hours into characters and have no idea they are breaking the rules in some cases, there are of course some exceptions where people push their luck but a line needs to be drawn.

I know this post is old but I thought I'd chime in incase anyone is still reading. I play bio armour a LOT. Its strength doesn't lie in its resistance, defence or even regeneration. Its absorption. Recent updates have scrapers and stalkers secondaries almost identical in effect and their hp as evened out too. I'm on mobile so cant post a mids build but getting smashing and lethal defence capped isn't needed. Get it to 20%. Fire and cold cap and energy/negative to 40%. The reason for this is both scrapers and stalkers share patron pools, in this case soul mastery, which has shadow meld. A cashless +30% defence to all for 15 seconds on a 90 second cool down. So from slots it's at 45s, get your global recharge to 100% and its 30s. So it's up half the time. While it's up, your untouchable to even AVs. While it's down you can use 2 separate absorb shields giving you 2 helpings of 1300hp. That means for those 15 seconds you have 3600 health to fall on, not counting regeneration of DNA healing. I'm building a Stj/bio stalker on reunion currently, just started slotting ATOs at lvl 50 today. On test it was happily soloing council solo on +4*8 at about 30s a mob. Not the fastest but the PBAoE is tiny! I'm still adapting his rotation but I can already stack buildup to make that PBAoE 1 shot red minions. I main a TW/bio scrapper who has walked through PI, DA, Cimerora, Grandville missions on max difficulty solo including all the AVs and most Heroes, Mynx is still a pain! Stalkers Stj is about half as good at AoE but ST is about even, possibly higher in prolonged 1v1 beatdowns thanks to -res, build up continually coming up and reliable crits. My stalker hasn't unlocked VET on live so I cant accurately compare them on everything but survival wise that are fairly even with bio giving some CC instead of the DoT from corruption.

extra slots would be even more game breaking, an additional 9 slots could add a LOT of extra procs to maxed builds. As for different AT's levelling faster, thats already a thing, outside of teams your empathy defender aint gonna be soloing very fast:D

VET 999 would take years of work outside of a farmer, and even farming your talking a very long time. the rewards only need to be tiny, and the idea is you can specialize to what your class would benefit, A healer wouldnt get much from global damage, but a +1% healing/regen would go a long way

Currently a lot of us turn off exp at VET 100 as its worthless. I like the number growing so keep it on as a sense of accomplishment but it really is worthless. It would be nice if after VET 100 for instance, every time you level you get a reward table with a permanent global buff that is applied to your character, its would be so small it would br trivial on its own but would be like progressively lifting weights and getting a little bit better each time. For Instance, every time you level, you visit the trainer and can choose one thing from a randomly generated reward table comprising 4 of any of the following: ----- Increase Damage Bonus by +0.1% Increase Recharge Bonus by +0.1% Decrease Endurance Consumption by +0.1% Increase Recharge Buff +0.1% Increase Running, Jumping and Flying Buff +0.1% Increase Tohit Bonus 0.1% Increase Global Defense 0.05% Increase Global Resistance 0.05% ----- Clearly the numbers may need to be even lower to stop abuse but even going to VET 999, you couldn't exceed +45% global defense, and getting that in the table every time would be almost impossible, at best 50% of the time to 22.5% bonus. a large bonus but a HUGE time commitment, more then any IO's build ever built. Thoughts, comments? whats the point in VET levels if your litterally incapable of getting stronger Also, side point about content difficulty, add a level shift option like that which is applied in Dark Astoria to all lvl 45+ content. if lvl 54 on a full incarnate team is easy, try lvl 54+3 ! if new incarnates are coming out something will need to be done after all!

Hi there, Over the years the leveling system has matured, its main milestones where level 50, IO Slotting and then Incarnates. The problem is, in order to benefit from the incarnates you need to run lvl 45+ content. Loads are going to say there is plenty of it, but actually its a very slim picking. My main is VET 210+ now, I've completed most content on max rep that I can retain my incarnate powers on, Ive even solo'd most of the TF's. But now I'm left with repeatable which are short, boring and have no real meaning. Im plowing through Villain Side arcs but they wont last long even on max rep to slow it down. Currently the option is Oroborous Flashbacks, which for what they were intended for is great, miss something, go back and do it again. Unfortunately, its the most antisocial aspect of the game. You start a story arc and its in TF mode, no new players can join. if its a new one you also dont know its length so cant really expect others to commit to something that could take many many hours. Outside of Oroborous repeatable missions are: Police Radio/Paper missions - After a while you are practically on first name basis with the various leaders and even know where they hang out.. RWZ repeatable - they just go on and on, have no substance or working goal Dark Astoria - They again go on and on with no end goal Cimerora - They again go on and on with no end goal AE isnt even worth mentioning This game has mode content then almost any other, but its not designed for the power that you gain. There is a lovely TF from Wavelength where you get to fight Trolls again at up to level 54. They scaled well for their damage and a lvl 54 Caliban hits like a truck with no other alterations. Id love for something to be done to allow characters you made and love, to be able to continue going. With the new incarnate systems comming out at some point, its going to make using those powers against end game content even harder. Id like to suggest a few alterations that wouldn't require much effort (hopefully) The first is "Content Restart" - When a contact is 100% complete, as in they say go bug someone else as the world is safe, they can be reset to 0%. For arcs like Unia and Maria Jenkins this would allow high level teams to form and run those pivotal missions and create dynamic flowing teams that people can come and go from easily. It cant be much more then a tag on the character profile saying 100% complete so a simple reset shouldn't be too hard and would give a huge boost to end game play-ability. Next is to do with repeatables. In police/paper missions, we have safeguards/mayhem's as goals, but after a while you have met and arrested all the villians. Id like this same principle to be applied to the RWZ and Dark Astoria repeatable. In RWZ, every 6 completed missions, you have to do a mini version of Save the World from LGTF, where you can fight the big boss or at least a general of his at EB or AV level. In Dark Astoria, every 6 missions you could have to fight an avatar of MOT and break into his inner sanctum to whack him down again, small additions that would give some sense of time and structure to them. Cimerora can have the same deal only say attacking a 5th Column construction yard similar to the 3rd Mission of the ITF. Finally, and this would be harder, once your level 50, allow previous contacts to to usable post Flashback, only at incarnate level. With the enemy scaling up to lvl 54, and in some cases getting a tweek to their loadout if they are lacking. Imagine Skulls Bosses spamming all that Dark Energy at lvl 50 - brutal. Before people start going on about it being impractical, remember.. its already been done with The Family. They used to be machine guns, gravity controllers and Super Strength bosses, at level 50 they have beam rifles and Titan Weapons. That REALLY hurts at lvl 54 to anything. Id rather these alterations over a new Archetype personally as new characters will always run low on content, this would mean future generations of toons can be enjoyed indefinitely and wouldn't need loads of authors to write new content continually. After all, If Synapse's TF was so important, why didn't he get heroes a little better to help him.. Welcoming any comments, especially from Devs

The brute alteration was recent, and further lowered their performance. Additionally the tanks recieved a decent update thats not been incorporated yet either. Neither of these changes altered placement in the rank for performance in terms of dps. I took the base values from another forum post I read so its not surprising they may differ. I dont trust many of the online materials as there have been so many changes and not everywhere keeps it updated. In game play however, a damage capped brutes best shot with titan weapons is still dwarfed by a scrappers both sustainably and in burst damage. Ill update damage caps for tanks and brutes as well as modifies when i get time, for completeness, assuming they dont change them again, but it doesnt effect the comparison to any noticable degree

Im looking at something similar, only using the soul tree, dark blast for range, soul storm for a hold and shadow meld to top up psi defence

TW has damage in spades so its slot heavy. The PBAoE alone will do 450+ damage to red minions and recharges fast enough for 3 shots before build up ends. As a result there is little need for a proc based attack when it wont give bonuses, tho for other primary choices id agree. Genetic contamination was a tougher call. Its not there for the damage as even at full power its ticks of 30 damage to red enemy. Its enhanced for the set bonuses and specifically the knockdown proc. Knockdown works like 100%defence for 2 seconds. If they have to stand up they cant attack, 9/10 times they die before they can stand! Im working on an alteration build for adding more ranged damage and a solid hold as i currently still cant solo LGTF green mitos... but slots are tight so its s fine tuning exercise!

Ive added in a section in regards to priority spending, although it will happily run +2*8 on basic level 25 IO's. Ive added this as well as its impact is substantial when using a build planner and seeing the horrible cast times. But its also something you need to experience and get a feel for, some things cant be learnt from a book 😄